Non-ferrous metal: [Metallurgy] non-ferrous metal, in a narrow sense, non-ferrous metal is also called non-ferrous metal, which is a general term for all metals except iron, manganese, and chromium. Non-ferrous metals in a broad sense also include non-ferrous alloys. Non-ferrous alloy is an alloy composed of a non-ferrous metal as a matrix (usually greater than 50%) and adding one or more other elements.
Non-ferrous metals generally refer to all metals except iron (and sometimes manganese and chromium) and iron-based alloys. Non-ferrous metals can be divided into heavy metals (such as copper, lead, zinc), light metals (such as aluminum, magnesium), precious metals (such as gold, silver, platinum) and rare metals (such as tungsten, molybdenum, germanium, lithium, lanthanum, and uranium).
Definition: Non-ferrous metals in a narrow sense are also called non-ferrous metals, which is a collective term for all metals except iron, manganese, and chromium
Non-ferrous metals in a broad sense also include non-ferrous alloys. Non-ferrous alloy is an alloy composed of a non-ferrous metal as the matrix (usually greater than 50%) and adding one or more other elements.
Non-ferrous metals generally refer to all metals except iron (and sometimes manganese and chromium) and iron-based alloys. Non-ferrous metals can be divided into heavy metals (such as copper, lead, zinc), light metals (such as aluminum, magnesium), precious metals (such as gold, silver, platinum) and rare metals (such as tungsten, molybdenum, germanium, lithium, lanthanum, and uranium).
Classification Introduction
Heavy metal： Generally, the density is above 4.5g/cm3, such as copper, lead, zinc, etc.;
Light metal：The density is small (0.53～4.5g/cm3), and the chemical properties are active, such as aluminum and magnesium.
Precious metals：The content in the crust is small, it is difficult to extract, the price is high, the density is high, and the chemical properties are stable, such as gold, silver, platinum, etc.;
Rare metals：
Such as tungsten, molybdenum, germanium, lithium, lanthanum, uranium, etc.
Non-ferrous metals refer to all metals except iron, chromium, and manganese. In 1958, China included iron, chromium, and manganese as ferrous metals; and included 64 metals other than iron, chromium, and manganese as non-ferrous metals. The 64 non-ferrous metals include: aluminum
, Magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, nickel, antimony, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, gold, silver, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, beryllium , Lithium, rubidium, cesium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, rhenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium , Holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium, silicon, boron, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, thorium
Species area
The surface area of non-ferrous metals is also very important. The specific surface area detection data of non-ferrous metals is only true and reliable if the results are detected by the BET method. At present, there are many domestic instruments that can only be used for direct contrast detection, and they are now eliminated in China. At present, the specific surface area test at home and abroad uniformly adopts the multi-point BET method. The specific surface area measurement standards developed at home and abroad are all based on the BET test method. Please refer to the Chinese National Standard (GB/T 19587-2004)-Gas Adsorption BET Principle A method for determining the specific surface area of solid materials.
Specific surface area detection is actually a relatively time-consuming task. Due to the different adsorption capacity of the sample, the test of some samples may take a whole day. If the test process is not fully automated, the tester cannot leave at all times and must A high degree of concentration, observing the dashboard and controlling the knobs, a little carelessness will lead to the failure of the test process, which will waste a lot of valuable time of the tester. Really fully automated and intelligent specific surface area tester products can meet the international standards of the testing instrument industry. Similar international products are all fully automated. Manually operated instruments have long been eliminated abroad. Really fully automated and intelligent specific surface area analyzer products free testers from repeated mechanical operations, greatly reduce their work intensity, simple training, and improve
In order to improve work efficiency, it is truly fully automated and intelligent specific surface area tester product, which greatly reduces the error caused by human operation and improves the test accuracy. The F-Sorb 2400 specific surface area tester is an instrument that can truly realize the detection function of the BET method (both direct comparison method). More importantly, the F-Sorb 2400 specific surface area tester is the only fully automated and intelligent specific surface area testing equipment in China so far. , The test results are highly consistent with international standards, and the stability is also very good, while reducing human error and improving the accuracy of test results. Specific surface area detection needs to follow relevant standards, methods and theories. For specific details, you can go to the relevant website for further understanding.
Development path
In history, the materials used in production tools have been continuously improved, and it has a very close relationship with the development of human society. Therefore, historians used the materials of the utensils to mark historical periods, such as the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. By the end of the 17th century, there were 8 kinds of non-ferrous metals that were clearly recognized and used by mankind. The Chinese nation has made significant contributions to the discovery and production of these non-ferrous metals (see Metallurgical History). After entering the 18th century, the rapid development of science and technology promoted the discovery of many new non-ferrous metal elements. The above-mentioned 64 kinds of non-ferrous metals were discovered in the 18th century, except for the 8 kinds that were recognized and used before the 17th century. 39 species were discovered in the 19th century, and 4 more species were discovered in the 20th century.
market prediction
Following the sharp increase in nickel prices in May this year, the prices of non-ferrous metals such as lead, zinc, copper, and aluminum have also risen steadily recently. From last week, the price of lead and zinc increased by 6.04%, the price of copper increased by 4%, the price of aluminum increased by 2.46%, and the prices of other non-ferrous metals also increased slightly.
Due to the characteristics of the industry, the non-ferrous metal industry has entered a period of adjustment and consolidation since last year. Since the second half of last year, due to export bans and restrictions on production by mineral suppliers, tin and nickel have experienced significant increases. It shows that the price of non-ferrous metals that has been hovering at a low level for a long time, a slight disturbance on the supply side, will cause the attention of market funds.
The “2014-2018 China Non-ferrous Metal Smelting Industry Market Outlook and Investment Planning Analysis Report” issued by the Prospective Industry Research Institute believes that although there have been insufficient output or closure news of overseas zinc mines recently, it does not rule out that the future zinc price will have a phased Opportunity to rise. However, from the current price trend of various non-ferrous metal varieties and from the perspective of downstream demand, the transformation and upgrading and structural adjustment of real estate, machinery and other industries do not support continuous increases.
Feature introduction
The strength and hardness of non-ferrous alloys are generally higher than those of pure metals, the resistance is larger than that of pure metals, the temperature coefficient of resistance is small, and it has good comprehensive mechanical properties. Commonly used non-ferrous alloys are aluminum alloys, copper alloys, magnesium alloys, nickel alloys, tin alloys, tantalum alloys, titanium alloys, zinc alloys, molybdenum alloys, zirconium alloys and so on.
Scope of application
A: Copper in non-ferrous metals is one of the earliest metal materials used by mankind. In modern times, non-ferrous metals and their alloys have become indispensable structural and functional materials in the fields of machinery manufacturing, construction, electronics, aerospace, and nuclear energy utilization.
B: In practical applications, non-ferrous metals are usually divided into 5 categories:
Fold 1 light metal
The density is less than 4500 kg/m3, such as aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, etc.
Fold 2 heavy metal
The density is greater than 4500 kg/m3, such as copper, nickel, cobalt, lead, zinc, tin, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, mercury, etc.
Fold 3 precious metals
The price is more expensive than common metals, and the abundance of the crust is low, so it is difficult to purify, such as gold, silver and platinum group metals.
Post time: Jul-22-2021